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inet(7P) Protocols SunOS 5.5

NAME inet − Internet protocol family

SYNOPSIS #include <sys/types.h>

#include <netinet/in.h>

DESCRIPTION The Internet protocol family implements a collection of protocols which are centered

around the Internet Protocol (IP) and which share a common address format. The Internet

family protocols can be accessed using the socket interface, where theysupport the

SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, and SOCK_RAW socket types, or the Transport

Level Interface (TLI), where they support the connectionless (T_CLTS) and connection

oriented (T_COTS_ORD) service types.

PROTOCOLS The Internet protocol family comprises the Internet Protocol (IP), the Address Resolution

Protocol (ARP), the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), the Transmission Control

Protocol (TCP), and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

TCP supports the socket interface’s SOCK_STREAM abstraction and TLI’s

T_COTS_ORD service type. UDP supports the SOCK_DGRAM socket abstraction and

the TLI T_CLTS service type. See tcp(7P) and udp(7P). A direct interface to IP is avail-

able using both TLI and the socket interface; See ip(7P). ICMP is used by the kernel to

handle and report errors in protocol processing. It is also accessible to user programs; see

icmp(7P). ARP is used to translate 32-bit IP addresses into 48-bit Ethernet addresses; see

arp(7P).

The 32-bitIP address is divided into network number and host number parts. It is

frequency-encoded; The most-signiﬁcant bit is zero in Class A addresses, in which the

high-order 8 bits represent the network number. Class B addresses have their high order

two bits set to 10 and use the high-order 16 bits as the network number ﬁeld. Class C

addresses have a 24-bit network number part of which the high order three bits are 110.

Sites with a cluster of IP networks may chose to use a singlenetwork number for the clus-

ter; This is done by using subnet addressing. The host number portion of the address is

further subdivided into subnet number and host number parts. Within a subnet, each

subnet appears to be an individual network; Externally, the entire cluster appears to be a

single, uniform network requiring only a single routing entry. Subnet addressing is

enabled and examined by the following ioctl(2) commands; They have the same form as

the SIOCSIFADDR command

SIOCSIFNETMASK Set interface network mask. The network mask deﬁnes the net-

work part of the address; If it contains more of the address than

the address type would indicate, then subnets are in use.

SIOCGIFNETMASK Get interface network mask.

7P-142 modiﬁed 3 Jul 1990

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